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Man has always speculated about what lies beyond his immediate circle of knowledge. Many a journey has been taken and many a new land has been discovered all because of mans curiosity. The uncertainties faced and risks taken in the name of adventures and travel has claimed many lives. Navigation and maps are vital to these activities.

Luckily for us, we live in an age of new and innovative ways for technology to help us and one of them is the gps system.

global Positioning system (GPS) is a worldwide navigation system formed from a constellation of 24 satellites and the associated ground stations. There can be more than 24 operational satellites; new ones are launched periodically to replace older satellites.

Each satellite orbits continually about the same ground track (as the earth turns beneath them) once per day, at an altitude calculated to ensure the satellite repeats the same track over all points approximately each 24 hours (actually 4 minutes earlier each day).

There are six orbital planes, equally spaced (60 degrees apart), and inclined at about fifty-five degrees with respect to the equatorial plan. The gps system uses man-made stars as reference points to parse accurate positions to within meters.

The gps system in its entirety is comprised of a network of satellites, signals, support personnel, ground based hardware and software, which make possible the establishment of ones precise location on the Earths surface. The global Positioning system is funded by and overseen by the U. S. Department of Defense (DOD). While there are many thousands of civil users of gps world-wide, the system was designed for and is operated by the U. S. military.

The accuracy of location measurements using the global positioning system depends on the gps receiver. high-end, survey-grade gps receivers can determine locations precise to within centimeters. But even low-end, handheld consumer receivers, can be accurate to within fifteen meters. gps receivers have been miniaturized to just a few integrated circuits and so are becoming economical and readily available.

The first commercial global positioning system units were precise for only about 100 meters because the military scrambled the signal--a program called Selective Availability. In the year 2000, the u.s. government removed Selective Availability, improving the accuracy of even basic handheld units to within fifteen meters. Today, with additional information from ground based correction services such as WAAS WAAS (Wide Area Augmentation Service) or u.s. Coast Guard differential gps beacons, accuracy can be improved even further.

Visit http://www.Malls.ws, where you can read about Blue Tooth GPS and other wireless topics.

Patience is a virtue, and you're going to have to be pretty virtuous if you're one of the millions of UK PlayStation Fans awaiting the arrival of the ps3. As if it wasn't bad enough we had to rewrite our letters to Santa this year (because it now won't hit our shelves until March), we're also all going to be green with envy as the web fills up with the usual reviews, cheats, and walkthroughs etc from sites in the States where they will get their hands on the console from November 17th.

Personally, my patience (lost my virtue a long time ago) ran out already, and my craving for HD gaming led me to the XBOX 360. I suspect many others will do the same this Christmas and I don't blame you. To not release the most hyped console of all time for Christmas has got to be the craziest decision Sony has made (apart from the choice of software packed with their MP3 Walkman - but don't get me started on that one). It can't even be based on format because the ps3 will be region free, and you can play any ps3 game on it no matter what part of the world you bought it from.

If you do decide to cut your losses and go for the xbox 360 you won't be disappointed, I certainly haven't been. But you should be aware that in their hurry to steal the HD gaming market, microsoft left a couple of jobs as 'work in progress'. Although the list is growing, the xbox 360 still only plays a handful of original xbox games. If you're starting afresh that?s fine, but if you've got a hefty back-catalogue of xbox titles you were planning to play then that?s a real bummer. Backwards compatibility was a target that simply wasn't reached in time for release and early release was obviously of greater importance to microsoft than it appears to be for Sony.

However, if you're a PlayStation purist, or simply do not fancy the xbox 360 or the nintendo Wii, then your virtue will be well rewarded. Although I find it difficult to understand some of Sony's business decisions, I can fully understand the hype surrounding the ps3. It will be without doubt the most powerful domestic games console available, boasting the 'Cell' processor, twelve times faster than processors found in top range PC's. The ps3 will also offer 'Blue-ray' technology which Sony are heavily promoting to take over from dvd, as well as offering free 'out of the box' online gaming (broadband connection required).

All of this extra 'oomph' inevitably comes at a cost, and you should expect to pay more for the prestige of owning such a machine. You'll also need to keep an eye on game prices too from November and compare them to its rivals, afterall there is no point owning the thing if you have to rob a bank every time you want something to play on it. On the plus side it will play any PS2 or PS1 titles you have tucked away.

Whatever you decide, have a happy Christmas, and keep on gaming !

Rob O'Neill is owner of Console Fun, the one stop shop for information on video games consoles including xbox, xbox 360, PS1, PS2, ps3, PSP, nintendo gamecube, Wii, and DS.

These new hybrid clubs replaces a fairway wood and the very difficult to hit long irons. But what do you actually get when you buy a hybrid? You get the distance and forgiveness a fairway wood has to offer and the control and accuracy of a long iron. Plus being called a utility club means you can use it on almost every situation. It is great off the tee, at the fairway, shots from tough lies and even at sand bunkers.

What is the best hybrid golf club? Is it Taylor Made hybrid club, cobra hybrid club, or Cleveland hybrid club? All hybrid clubs have more or less the same features. Manufacturers have taken the center of gravity and moved it back and to the bottom of the club. this is nearly impossible with a standard iron. What this does is help to launch the ball into the air. They have also made the face flat and added a higher launch angle. this gives the ball a higher spin rate which allows it to stop faster with more accuracy.

Several questions have popped up concerning hybrids:

Q. What is the hybrid club length?

A. Hybrid shafts are shorter than woods and the clubfaces stiffer like their iron counterparts. hybrid golf club lengths vary with the lofts. The lower the loft, the longer the shaft.

Q. How long does a hybrid golf club go? Compare this utility club versus 7 wood.

A. Depending on the loft, a hybrid club has the same or a little more distance than a wood with the same loft. It is more versatile than a 7 wood. You cannot use a 7 wood on tough lies or ball embedded on sand. With the hybrid, you can.

Q. Why am I having trouble hitting hybrid clubs?

A. You are not yet adjusted with the club. Since this club is different, you should have a willingness to adjust like changing your hybrid club ball position, stance. And probably the main reason could be is the club is not fitted to you. Go to your nearest pro shop and have yourself clubfitted.

Q. So what is the worlds best hybrid clubs?

A. Since everyone from amateurs to professionals is using these hybrid golf clubs, dont you think its about time to take those long irons and woods out of your bag and put in a hybrid? You be the judge.

http://www.TurnKeySavvy.info

Raul Cruz rtc@turnkeysavvy.info

Main website http://golfhybrids.shokandawe.com